ATI TEAS Prep Online

Asthma is an obstructive disorder that primarily affects the small airways, especially the bronchioles, where inflammation, increased mucus, and smooth muscle constriction narrow the airway and reduce airflow. The choice mentioning “Alveoli” is not best because alveoli are mainly responsible for gas exchange, not airway narrowing. The choice mentioning “Larynx” refers to an upper-airway structure involved in phonation and airway protection. The choice mentioning “Pulmonary arteries” involves circulation to the lungs rather than obstruction of airflow in the airways.

The amount of water is the factor the researcher deliberately changes between the two groups (200 mL vs. 100 mL), so it is the independent variable. The dependent variable would be what is measured in response to that change, such as the plants’ growth rate. A control variable is a condition kept the same for both groups (for example, soil type, light, pot size) to make the test fair. An extraneous variable is any uncontrolled factor that could affect growth and interfere with results (for example, uneven sunlight or disease).

Introductory dependent clauses are typically followed by a comma when they come before an independent clause. The sentence beginning with “After reviewing the test results” correctly places a comma after the introductory dependent clause and before the independent clause “the doctor updated the patient's treatment plan.” “The patient was alert and oriented but, he had difficulty remembering instructions.” misplaces the comma after but; the comma should not separate a conjunction from the clause it introduces. “Before the nurse starts her shift she reviews her patient assignments.” is missing a comma after the introductory clause “Before the nurse starts her shift.” “She checks the medication orders before, administering them to ensure accuracy.” inserts a comma within the phrase “before administering,” which incorrectly breaks up the verb phrase.